Linguistics research paper example pdf

Linguistics research paper example pdf

Linguistics Research Paper Example Pdf, business plan for a new product pdf, cover letter perfect template, reuse personal statement ucas. Order Number Popular Services. ORDER. 24/7 support. We provide affordable writing services for students around the world. Linguistics Research Paper Example Pdf That’s why we work without a break to help you at any time, wherever you are located /10() A long essay such as paper or journal article may consist of 3, to 6, words long or pages typed in a single space format. Organization of the paper normally includes: title, author name Linguistics is a relatively young field. The birth of a new, vibrant field of research often brings with it certain challenges such as the initial absence of an uncontroversial canon and a certain lack of terminological clarity. Following the example of closely allied disciplines, this work aims to register ambiguities in the use of ten terms

Linguistics Research Paper - Research Paper Examples - iResearchNet

This sample linguistics research paper features: words approx, linguistics research paper example pdf. Browse other research paper examples for more inspiration. If you need a thorough research paper written according to all the academic standards, you can always turn to our experienced writers for help.

This is how your paper can get an A! Feel free to contact our writing service for professional assistance. We offer high-quality assignments for reasonable rates. Of the many areas of anthropology that entice researchers to study, language is one that draws significant and sustained attention. As far back as BCE, individuals in India speculated about language development, derivations, and use. Similar speculation was done linguistics research paper example pdf Europe among Greek philosophers at the time of Socrates and his followers.

Evidence from over 30, preserved cuneiform writings has consistently raised curiosity regarding the spoken language of the ancient Sumerians prior to BCE, as have discoveries regarding original language types from other indigenous peoples, such as the aborigines of Australia and New Guinea.

The reasons and methods for trying to understand language have changed from one historic era to the next, making scholarly activity in the field known as linguistics as vibrant as each era. Knowledge of the changes in perspective about language development provides one key to unlocking the door to characterize the nature of human beings as well as unlocking the door to the evolution and growth of societies.

For example, Franz Boas — used what became known as descriptive-structural linguistics in his studies of culture and anthropology in the early 20th century, linguistics research paper example pdf. This sense of linguistics as a vehicle was shared by the students of Boas and became a primary interpretation for many years, linguistics research paper example pdf, especially through the influence of Leonard Bloomfield.

One can only imagine the kinds and degrees of meaning that are lost to us about peoples of the world due to the formal methods used in the study of language in the early 20th century and the relegation of language, as a research tool, as it was by Boas and Bloomfield, linguistics research paper example pdf.

However, for the time, descriptivestructural linguistics was a significant advancement, albeit more of a part of anthropology rather than a separate field in itself. That changed dramatically in the latter half of the 20th century, particularly with the dynamic referred to by Noam Chomsky as the second cognitive revolution when the number of linguistics research paper example pdf research fields increased e. The first cognitive revolution is a cognomen for the period between the 17th and early 19th centuries when classical thoughts and theories about language were proposed, especially by philosophers such as René Descartes, Gottfried Leibnitz, and Immanuel Kant.

In the 21st century, the methods of language study and characterizations of linguistics hardly resemble those of Boas and anthropologists in his era. Current scholars cannot capture all the characteristics of language in just one definition or modality to designate linguistics as one singular field of study. Multiple views of language and linguistics support a richer perspective about the study of language and people than one that identifies linguistic methods only as tools to find out about culture.

Philology in the s was the ancestor to general linguistics. Those who identified themselves as philologists were oftentimes recruits from the field of philosophy. Their studies provided historical perspectives about languages—classifying and categorizing them by phonology, morphology, and syntax but not so much by semantics and pragmatics. Much of the early linguistic research i. Thus, there was a reliance on writings—as well as on the spoken word—as these survived and changed into modern eras.

Comparative linguistics enabled scientists to look for patterns in spoken languages in order to find connections among them that might give some indication of evolution. Those involved in comparative linguistics were close cousins to researchers in the current subfield of sociolinguistics, which attempts to understand language use and its social implications as well as the consequences of language and literacy development and education among citizens of world nations and societies within them.

In the latter half of the 20th century, the pursuit of language understanding enhanced the identity of linguistics as a field constituted of several subfields, with each involving the study of specific human dimensions evidenced in language use.

For example, forensic linguistics provides insights into language, law, and crime; neurolinguistics includes the relationships between language and the human nervous system. This latter field holds much promise for understanding individuals afflicted with aphasia and other communication disorders.

It also provides answers regarding second-language learning and multilingualism. Another linguistic subfield, computational linguistics, is one that has supported the developments of the computer age.

This field involves scholars from a wide range of related disciplines e. For example, the quality of voice recognition on the telephone, as well as the complexities of voice recognition responses, was unimaginable even in the early s. Likewise, translations of written languages in computer search engines, such as Google, require sensitivity to meaning as well as to the interpretations of words and grammar between any two languages. The branching off of language studies linguistics research paper example pdf a range of related linguistic disciplines demonstrates that there is no limit to the number and variety of questions that can be approached.

Even so, the richness of language research, both past and present, shows that an answer to one question many times leads to new and more interesting ones. And, for the most part, language questions are now perceived to pose dynamic challenges in and among subfields of linguistics.

For example, why should we be concerned about the extinction of languages? How did spoken languages evolve? Studies of language by researchers who are designated as members of one of the several subfields of linguistics is limited by the particular theory or theories held by the linguistics research paper example pdf researcher s. Each theory is derived from the definitions of elements or characteristics of language that are of interest to the individual.

Definitions of language chosen by linguists will influence the direction in which research will proceed; however, linguistics research paper example pdf, among the linguists, there is much cross-disciplinary understanding that continuously reshapes arguments linguistics research paper example pdf individual theories.

There are a great variety of scholarly definitions for language as well as for languages. Each linguistics research paper example pdf the theoretical perspectives and areas of study of the specific group i.

If one were to ask for a definition from those who are not considered academics, however, they more often than not would associate language with spoken communication.

To capture linguistics research paper example pdf nature of language and define it, linguists attempt to study language structure form as well as language use function, linguistics research paper example pdf.

Studies may reveal things in single languages or singular situations or may uncover things by comparison of one language to another language or other languages. Those who look at the structure of languages do so to establish a foundation for exploring distinct parts and compositions of specific languages in order to see what might be common among them, linguistics research paper example pdf.

This positioned the definitions of language within a construct that came to be known as structural linguistics. In the s, Leonard Bloomfield reinforced the idea of structuralism, claiming that the main object of linguistic study should involve grammatical principles that have little or nothing to do with observations of what individuals know or think about their language, linguistics research paper example pdf.

In the second half of the 20th century, as researchers from fields such as psychology, cognitive science, linguistics research paper example pdf sociology began to take interest in language studies, definitions of language could be distinguished as representative of one of two major linguistic areas, formalism or functionalism.

The former area involves linguistic study of the systematic, organized ways that language is structured. The latter area is more concerned with language use and the reasons why individuals choose to speak in certain ways and not in others. Franz Boas, Ferdinand de Saussure, and Leonard Bloomfield are among those who are acknowledged as linguistics research paper example pdf linguistic researchers in the first half of the 20th century.

Their theories and the field of structural linguistics led the way to expanded ideas about language study. Boas is considered to be the father of American anthropology, and as stated above, his use of linguistic analyses was only as a tool to get to culture.

Although Saussure did not write down his ideas in articles or books, his lecture notes distributed among his students became a text after his death titled Course in General Linguistics. Language researchers give recognition to Saussure for the growth of linguistics as a science, and his work has been a central one for the development of the subfield of sociolinguistics.

Bloomfield is best known as a linguist, although some classify him as an anthropologist. Of his many writings, his book Language was revered for its discussions of structural linguistics and comparative work to characterize languages.

The work of these three scholars—Boas, Saussure, and Bloomfield—left an indelible imprint on the field of linguistics. In their wake, there began a strong desire among young language researchers to linguistics research paper example pdf studies in formal linguistics.

However, none was to compare to Noam Chomsky who moved formal linguistics into a new home, that of generative transformational grammar. A political activist and formal linguist, Chomsky designated two particular foci for characterizing and, thus, added to the definitions of language. In his book Aspects linguistics research paper example pdf a Theory of Syntax, linguistics research paper example pdf, he distinguishes between language competence and language performance, linguistics research paper example pdf.

Structuralists were more concerned about language performance, or how speakers used the language forms to communicate. Those who study generative transformational grammar in the tradition of Chomsky look for linguistic characteristics that are universal to all languages e. Language is approached by exploring its generative capacity using a logical system of transformations to manipulate syntax.

For example, he notes that the difference between the following two sentences is at the level of deep structure; both are composed of the same syntactic elements in the same order at the surface but differ at the deep level:. Having critiqued the work presented in B.

This particular view of universal grammar and linguistic nativism contradicted the work of Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Whorf; both had proposed a theory of linguistic relativity. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis states that the cognition of individuals is influenced by their linguistic experiences within their given cultures.

In other words, people in different cultures have different worldviews that have been tempered by the ways that their languages are structured and used. In the s, Thomas G. Bever and D. In the previous comment, there is the singular concentration on the role of the sentence. In formal linguistic research, the sentence has been the central grammatical vehicle through which characteristics of language are identified.

Although all languages are the subject of study, it is particularly in English and many other SVO languages i. Formal linguists who are designated as psycholinguists have long held that designing research at levels of discourse beyond the sentence is especially unwieldy, linguistics research paper example pdf, and it may be difficult to resolve a hypothesis with absolute certainty.

One psychologist, who demonstrated this point in his work regarding the interpretation of written texts in the s through the 21st century, linguistics research paper example pdf, is Karl Haberlandt, a scholar in the field of memory and cognition, linguistics research paper example pdf.

The previous discussion requires a clarification about the definition of sentence. Formal linguistics looks at the syntax of sentences and the rules by which the grammar of a language allows for the order of words in sentences.

For example, English transitive sentences commonly follow the order [s]ubject, [v]erb, [o]bject, but there may be variations of this order that are acceptable in English conversation. French follows a SVO pattern but is SOV when personal pronouns are used e. Consider also the ordering of adjectives in English, for example, three enormous green avocados versus green enormous three avocados.

Although not a member of any of the subfields of linguistics yet mentioned here, Richard Montague is a linguist known for his attempts to quantify language by matching the logic of set theory to characterizing the semantics of sentences. Although his life was a short one, linguistics research paper example pdf, his legacy of Montague grammar remains to challenge those who respect formal linguistics and considerations of the ordering of language.

The second area of focus from which we might posit definitions of language is that of functionalism. Individuals who are involved in this particular area propose theories of language use that may or may not allow for grammatical connections. Van Valin classifies the functional linguists as extreme, moderate, or conservative.

Those who are in the first category do not admit to any use for grammatical i. To them, all language study is necessarily at the level of discourse, and observations of language grammar are restricted to the discourse. Those who are conservative functional linguists study language by adding on language use components to formal linguistic grammars.

They keep the syntactic structures as the main part of the design of their research and amend them with discourse rules. Susumu Kuno is a well-known functional linguist who proposed a functional sentence perspective that guided a part of his research at Harvard University.

Moderate functional linguistics is especially represented by the work of M, linguistics research paper example pdf. This subfield of linguistics is particularly appealing to anthropologists since it encourages comparative studies of communication and discourse without completely discounting the need for reference to grammatical theories.

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Linguistics is a relatively young field. The birth of a new, vibrant field of research often brings with it certain challenges such as the initial absence of an uncontroversial canon and a certain lack of terminological clarity. Following the example of closely allied disciplines, this work aims to register ambiguities in the use of ten terms This sample linguistics research paper features: words (approx. 29 pages), an outline, and a bibliography with 32 sources. Browse other research paper examples for more inspiration. If you need a thorough research paper written according to all the academic standards, you can always turn to our experienced writers for help. This is how your paper can get an A! Feel free to contact our term paper in linguistics. If you want to write a. theoretical. paper, the structure will be different. Please contact your instructor for more information. Outline of the Paper. Your paper should contain the following parts: • Cover sheet • Table of contents • (Table of figures) 1 • Introduction • Sections (e.g. theoretical background, methodology, etc.) • Conclusion • List of